一次性玉米澱粉餐具：可降解餐盒（hé）的主要成分有哪些？

可降解餐具是指可在（zài）自然環境微生物（細菌、黴菌、藻（zǎo）類）和酶作用下（xià），發生生物化學反應，引起外觀黴變（biàn）到內在質量變化，終形成二氧化碳和水的（de）餐具。

Biodegradable tableware refers to tableware that can undergo biochemical reactions under the action of natural microorganisms (bacteria, molds, algae) and enzymes, causing external mold to change to internal quality, ultimately forming carbon dioxide and water.

可（kě）降解餐具（jù）使用材料分兩種：一種是天然材料製成的（de），如紙製品、秸稈、澱粉等，可全降解，也稱之為環保產品；另一種是以塑料為主要成分，加入澱粉、光敏劑等物質製成，可（kě）部分降解。

There are two types of materials used in biodegradable tableware: one is made of natural materials, such as paper products, straw, starch, etc., which can be fully degraded, also known as environmentally friendly products; Another method is to use plastic as the main component and add substances such as starch and photosensitizers, which can be partially degraded.

玉米澱粉基餐具

Corn starch based tableware

玉米澱（diàn）粉基餐具是目前市場（chǎng）上（shàng）比較常見的（de）可降解餐（cān）盒，澱粉的主要來源是玉米，所（suǒ）以有時（shí）叫玉米澱粉（fěn）基，但這類餐盒其實是澱（diàn）粉和傳統石油基（jī）PP等的（de）混合塑料，國外叫生物基。

Corn starch based tableware is a common biodegradable food box in the current market. The main source of starch is corn, so it is sometimes called corn starch based. However, this type of food box is actually a mixed plastic of starch and traditional petroleum based PP, which is called bio based abroad.

玉米澱粉基餐具是通（tōng）過澱（diàn）粉的生（shēng）物降解而（ér）致使整（zhěng）個材料物理性能崩潰，但崩潰後的（de）石油基PP還是不可降解的，降解率根據餐盒成分可達40%-80%，所以隻能算是可降（jiàng）解餐（cān）盒，而不能算是全（quán）降解。

Corn starch based tableware is caused by the biodegradation of starch, which leads to the collapse of the physical properties of the entire material. However, after the collapse, petroleum based PP is still non degradable, and the degradation rate can reach 40% -80% based on the composition of the food box. Therefore, it can only be considered a degradable food box, not a fully degradable one.

因此玉米澱粉（fěn）基（jī）餐具隻能在一定程度上（shàng）替代塑料製品，是目前市場上飽受爭議的塑料（liào）餐具的替（tì）代品。

Therefore, corn starch based tableware can only partially replace plastic products and is currently a controversial alternative to plastic tableware in the market.

紙漿模塑餐具（植物（wù）纖維模塑餐具）

Pulp molded tableware (plant fiber molded tableware)

在原材料上（shàng），紙漿模塑一次性餐（cān）盒以麥（mài）秸稈、甘蔗渣等植（zhí）物（wù）纖維為原材料，不添加任何PP材料，通過紙漿模塑濕壓工藝成型，在紙漿中添加防水防油等食品級（jí）助劑，達到盛放冷熱食物的（de）的（de）效果。

In terms of raw materials, pulp molded disposable lunch boxes use plant fibers such as wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse as raw materials, without adding any PP materials. They are formed through pulp molding wet pressing technology, and food grade additives such as waterproof and oil proof are added to the pulp to achieve the effect of storing cold and hot food.

植物纖維可降解餐盒也是目前市場上（shàng）活躍的餐盒類型之一，以率先禁塑的海（hǎi）南（nán）省為例，海南省以禁止塑料餐具的使用、流通、銷售、存放，紙漿模塑餐具無（wú）疑（yí）成為理想的塑料替代品。

Plant fiber biodegradable lunch boxes are also one of the most active types of lunch boxes in the current market. Taking Hainan Province, which was the first to ban plastic tableware, as an example, Hainan Province has completely banned the use, circulation, sales, and storage of plastic tableware. Pulp molded tableware undoubtedly becomes an ideal plastic substitute.

甘（gān）蔗漿（jiāng）一次性餐（cān）盒（hé）屬於全降（jiàng）解（jiě）類型餐盒，可在工業堆肥或者家庭堆肥條件下90天完全降解為有機質（zhì），回（huí）歸自然，是屬（shǔ）於真正（zhèng）意義上的完全可（kě）降解材料，在禁塑的道（dào）路（lù）上具備一定優越性。

Sugarcane pulp disposable food boxes belong to the fully degradable type of food boxes, which can be completely degraded into organic matter under industrial or household composting conditions for 90 days, returning to nature. They are truly fully degradable materials and have certain advantages on the road of plastic prohibition.

PLA降解餐具

PLA degradable tableware

PLA降解餐盒（hé）通常是指在紙漿模塑（sù）工藝上（shàng）PLA複合膜與紙漿（jiāng）模塑產品結合的產品，即PLA覆膜產品。

PLA degradable lunch boxes usually refer to products that combine PLA composite film with pulp molded products in the pulp molding process, namely PLA coated products.

PLA複合膜是由聚乳酸為原料生產加工而成的，可以（yǐ）通過加熱，複合（hé）在紙漿模塑及紙（zhǐ）製品上的，一種完全可降解膜。

PLA composite film is produced and processed from polylactic acid as raw material, which can be heated and compounded on pulp molding and paper products. It is a completely biodegradable film.

聚乳酸（PLA）是一種新型的生物降解材料，使用可再生的植物資源所（suǒ）提出的澱粉原料製成（chéng）。澱粉原料經由糖化（huà）得到葡萄糖，再由葡萄糖及一定的菌種發酵製成（chéng）高純度的乳酸，再（zài）通過化學合成（chéng）方法合成一定分子量的聚乳酸。

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a new type of biodegradable material made from starch raw materials proposed from renewable plant resources. Starch raw materials are saccharified to obtain glucose, which is then fermented with certain strains to produce high-purity lactic acid. Then, a certain molecular weight of polylactic acid is synthesized through chemical synthesis methods.

通過覆膜工藝與紙漿模塑產品結合以後，可以節省防水防油劑的使用，起到密封紙漿（jiāng）模塑產品氣孔的作用，餐具在實際使用過程中（zhōng）減（jiǎn）少了產（chǎn）品的透氣性，保溫性能（néng）更高，保溫時間（jiān）更長。

By combining the lamination process with pulp molded products, the use of waterproof and oil proof agents can be saved, which can seal the pores of pulp molded products. In actual use, tableware reduces the breathability of the product, resulting in higher insulation performance and longer insulation time.

理論上PLA是一種生物塑料，且結晶度低（dī）（材料的（de）結晶度越低，負責生物降解的（de）微生物就越容易對材料進行（háng）化學分解），比石油基（jī）的塑（sù）料要容易降解很多。但是由於添加（jiā）了其它成（chéng）分，同時聚合的過（guò）程會提高結（jié）晶度。這些因素都會PLA降解（jiě）的時間變長。

In theory, PLA is a bioplastic with low crystallinity (the lower the crystallinity of the material, the easier it is for the microorganisms responsible for biodegradation to chemically decompose the material), which is much easier to degrade than petroleum based plastics. However, due to the addition of other components, the polymerization process will increase crystallinity. These factors will lead to longer degradation time of PLA.

但PLA降解需（xū）要滿足以下幾個條件（jiàn）：

But PLA degradation needs to meet the following conditions:

1、大量（liàng）的微生物；

1. A large number of microorganisms;

2、高溫，超過30℃時，微生物才會開始降解PLA；

2. At high temperatures exceeding 30 ℃, microorganisms begin to degrade PLA;

3、潮濕，濕（shī）度越高水解效率越高（gāo）。

3. Wet, the higher the humidity, the higher the hydrolysis efficiency.

要同時滿足這幾個條件的環境，在自然界中可以說非常。

The environment that satisfies these conditions simultaneously can be said to be very rare in nature.

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This article is dedicated to the friendship of disposable corn starch tableware. For more information, please click: https://www.shuiniguan.com Sincere attitude. We will provide you with comprehensive services. We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone. Stay tuned